可展开遮阳罩技术研究进展及其关键科学问题

可展开遮阳罩一般是由多层轻质柔性高精度无褶皱薄膜和展开支撑臂及其控制装置组成,在轨后展开支撑臂有序展开多层大面积薄膜实现光控制和热控制性能,能有效改善和防护空间航天器。针对可展开遮阳罩结构,依据一维轴向、二维平面与三维周向的展开方式分类总结国内外可展开遮阳罩技术的研究进展,并对不同遮阳罩结构形状、薄膜材料、层数与展开方式等进行对比分析;梳理出遮阳罩在杂光抑制、折叠与展开变形机理、极端环境下薄膜多场耦合、低温热控、太阳辐射光压力矩及其计算方法等方面的关键科学问题,并给出了中国研究遮阳罩的发展建议。     

基于LVDS的高速远程实时测控系统的设计

分析了LVDS在远程测控系统应用中的关键技术,介绍了基于LVDS的高速远程传输方式的设计方案。针对设计中的关键性问题,如电磁干扰、阻抗匹配、直流平衡以及信号驱动等问题提出了具体的解决方案,并给出了电路设计中阻抗匹配设计的线宽计算公式。最后结合实验分析了具体设计对于信号质量的影响。     

柴油机PID、F并联调速控制研究

为了提高柴油机动态和稳态控制性能,提出了PID、F并联调速控制的方法,并利用Matlab/Simulink工具箱对PID、F交替调速控制和并联调速控制进行了仿真研究,表明Fuzzy-PID并联控制的性能优于常规PID控制和单纯的模糊调速控制以及PID、F交替调速控制的调速性能.     

PID在柴油发电机组输出稳定性控制中的应用研究

针对目前移动式柴油发电机组机械式调速器响应速度慢、精度差以及负载变化较大时发电机组输出电压和频率波动较大的问题，研究了PID在柴油发电机组稳定性控制中的应用，进行了电子调速器电路的研究与设计。对75kW柴油发电机组进行了空载、半载及满载实验，实验结果验证了设计电路和控制方法的正确性。该电子调速器采用PID方法对发动机转速进行控制，达到了改善柴油发电机组输出稳定性的目的，并且具有响应速度快和准确度高的特点。     

Value management of diagnostic equipment with cancelation,no‐show,and emergency patients

Magnetic resonance imaging and other multifunctional diagnostic facilities, which are considered as scarce resources of hospitals, typically provide services to patients with different medical needs. This article examines the admission policies during the appointment management of such facilities. We consider two categories of patients: regular patients who are scheduled in advance through an appointment system and emergency patients with randomly generated demands during the workday that must be served as soon as possible. According to the actual medical needs of patients, regular patients are segmented into multiple classes with different cancelation rates, no‐show probabilities, unit value contributions, and average service times. Management makes admission decisions on whether or not to accept a service request from a regular patient during the booking horizon to improve the overall value that could be generated during the workday. The decisions should be made by considering the cancelation and no‐show behavior of booked patients as well as the emergency patients that would have to be served because any overtime service would lead to higher costs. We studied the optimal admission decision using a continuous‐time discrete‐state dynamic programming model. Identifying an optimal policy for this discrete model is analytically intractable and numerically inefficient because the state is multidimensional and infinite. We propose to study a deterministic counterpart of the problem (i.e., the fluid control problem) and to develop a time‐based fluid policy that is shown to be asymptotically optimal for large‐scale problems. Furthermore, we propose to adopt a mixed fluid policy that is developed based on the information obtained from the fluid control problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this improved policy works effectively for small‐scale problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 287–304, 2016     

轮毂电机驱动车辆转向控制策略

为提高轮毂电机驱动车辆转向机动灵活性以及安全稳定性,提出了一种基于直接横摆力矩控制的转向控制策略。以带有双桥转向机构的8轮轮毂电机驱动车辆为研究对象,研究其双重转向控制问题,建立基于车辆二自由度单轨模型的车辆参考模型,并以横摆角速度作为控制变量,建立基于横摆力矩PID控制器和横摆力矩分配控制器的转向分层控制模型。利用硬件在环实时仿真实验对所提出的转向控制策略的可行性和有效性进行分析验证。     

基于多目标的雷达组网传感器资源管理算法

在雷达组网系统的多目标跟踪过程中,当目标数量过多时,由于传感器资源不足,无法使用传统传感器的管理方法进行资源分配,且运算时间过长,不满足工程实际需求。针对以上问题,提出了一种新的多传感器多目标跟踪任务快速分配算法,该算法将跟踪目标个数和跟踪目标精度作为优化目标,首先按照设定的分配准则对传感器进行一次分配,最大化跟踪目标个数;然后利用一种基于传感器排序的启发式传感器分配方法进行二次分配,通过控制跟踪目标的协方差水平,使目标的跟踪精度尽量接近期望值。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在较短的时间内对多传感器进行有效快速地分配,既跟踪了更多的目标,又达到了期望目标的跟踪精度,并且在一定程度上控制资源消耗,减少系统的总耗能。     

通用扩张状态观测器鲁棒飞行控制方法

针对存在参数不确定、外界干扰与测量噪声情况下飞行控制问题，提出一种基于通用扩张状态观测器的鲁棒飞行控制方法。首先基于状态相关的Riccati方程（SDRE）控制方法，对飞行器俯仰通道非线性模型进行扩展线性化；而后引入基于通用扩张状态观测器的控制方法，设计干扰补偿增益，实现对外界干扰的估计与补偿；最后通过在线解算状态相关矩阵及代数黎卡提方程，得出状态反馈增益与干扰补偿增益，实现对飞行器期望攻角的跟踪控制。通过与已有方法进行对比，验证了本文所提方法不仅对系统模型不确定性与外界干扰具有较强鲁棒性，而且在较大测量噪声情况下，其依然能够保证良好的跟踪控制效果，具有较强的工程应用价值。     

无人机自主控制应用需求及研究发展分析

随着无人机装备的快速普及,自主控制技术越来越成为提高无人机系统生存能力、适应能力和任务完成能力的重要因素。通过对无人机实战场景和使用需求的分析,提出近期对自主控制技术应用的重要需求是提高无人机感知能力和对故障及飞行状态的适应性。分析了当前自主控制技术在外部态势、内部态势和适应性飞行控制方面的研究和应用现状。最后,根据对应用需求的分析和当前相关技术的发展应用情况的考察,提出了无人机适应性自主控制的技术框架。     

The effects of model parameter deviations on the variance of a linearly filtered time series

We consider a general linear filtering operation on an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series. The variance of the filter output, which is an important quantity in many applications, is not known with certainty because it depends on the true ARMA parameters. We derive an expression for the sensitivity (i.e., the partial derivative) of the output variance with respect to deviations in the model parameters. The results provide insight into the robustness of many common statistical methods that are based on linear filtering and also yield approximate confidence intervals for the output variance. We discuss applications to time series forecasting, statistical process control, and automatic feedback control of industrial processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010